Anyone who has waited in a California sweat line has wondered which area pays off best. Kern National Wildlife Refuge topped the 32 ranked California duck areas over 28 seasons with 69% more ducks per trip than Gray Lodge. Pooling the 28 seasons in the California Department of Fish and Wildlife season-by-season comparison tables for 1996-97 through 2023-24 puts Kern at 2.98 ducks per hunter trip and Gray Lodge at 1.76. Kern beat Gray Lodge in every one of those 28 seasons.
IReservation Choices
Kern Topped 32 Ranked Areas and Led Gray Lodge Every Season
We count one adult or junior waterfowl hunter checked in for one day as a trip and CDFW divides by that count for its printed average. To get ducks per trip, divide total ducks by total trips. The series starts with the 1996-97 season comparison on the former Fish and Game site.
Gray Lodge drew the crowd. It recorded about 295,000 trips over the 28 seasons, more than any other area in these tables. Kern had about 70,000, or 24% as many. The area hunted most and the area with the best ducks per trip have been different places.
IIA Short List
Kern Finished Top Five in All of the Last 10 Seasons
Our ranking covered the 32 areas with at least 20 seasons and 10,000 trips. Kern took first at 2.98 ducks per trip and the Gadwall area followed at 2.85. Little Dry Creek took third at 2.69, followed by Delevan at 2.59 and Freitas North at 2.40.
Swipe table to see every column
| Rank | Area | Region | Seasons | Hunter trips | Ducks | Ducks per trip | Ducks per trip 2014-15 to 2023-24 | Seasons in top 5, last 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kern | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 69,866 | 207,926 | 2.98 | 3.16 | 10 |
| 2 | Gadwall | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 25,642 | 73,027 | 2.85 | 2.97 | 9 |
| 3 | Little Dry Creek | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 100,530 | 270,368 | 2.69 | 2.45 | 4 |
| 4 | Delevan | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 176,794 | 458,737 | 2.59 | 2.68 | 9 |
| 5 | Freitas North | San Joaquin Valley | 24 | 15,180 | 36,504 | 2.4 | 2.33 | 4 |
| 6 | Colusa | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 99,330 | 229,239 | 2.31 | 2.44 | 4 |
| 7 | Merced | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 22,321 | 50,556 | 2.26 | 2.26 | 2 |
| 8 | Volta | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 68,556 | 153,204 | 2.23 | 2.39 | 3 |
| 9 | Sutter | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 69,311 | 150,043 | 2.16 | 1.9 | 0 |
| 10 | Mendota | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 282,347 | 608,341 | 2.15 | 2.23 | 1 |
| 11 | West Bear Creek | San Joaquin Valley | 26 | 19,647 | 41,942 | 2.13 | 2.14 | 0 |
| 12 | Freitas South | San Joaquin Valley | 25 | 11,786 | 24,727 | 2.1 | 1.83 | 0 |
| 13 | San Luis | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 99,145 | 204,373 | 2.06 | 1.94 | 0 |
| 14 | Yolo | Sacramento Valley | 27 | 134,548 | 270,450 | 2.01 | 2.1 | 1 |
| 15 | Sacramento | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 207,470 | 412,248 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 0 |
| 16 | Shasta Valley | Northeastern | 27 | 20,637 | 40,756 | 1.97 | 2.14 | 1 |
| 17 | Howard Slough | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 63,268 | 117,688 | 1.86 | 1.88 | 0 |
| 18 | Ash Creek | Northeastern | 28 | 16,409 | 29,825 | 1.82 | 2.26 | 2 |
| 19 | Wister | Southern | 28 | 180,473 | 329,060 | 1.82 | 1.98 | 0 |
| 20 | Salt Slough | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 49,823 | 89,083 | 1.79 | 1.95 | 0 |
| 21 | San Jacinto | Southern | 28 | 90,250 | 159,494 | 1.77 | 1.74 | 0 |
| 22 | Gray Lodge | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 294,597 | 517,090 | 1.76 | 1.84 | 0 |
| 23 | Kesterson | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 66,109 | 115,986 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 0 |
| 24 | China Island | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 20,184 | 33,970 | 1.68 | 1.62 | 0 |
| 25 | Los Banos | San Joaquin Valley | 28 | 127,365 | 212,396 | 1.67 | 1.75 | 0 |
| 26 | Llano Seco | Sacramento Valley | 28 | 41,095 | 68,029 | 1.66 | 1.67 | 0 |
| 27 | Butte Valley | Northeastern | 28 | 11,773 | 19,091 | 1.62 | 1.86 | 0 |
| 28 | Grizzly Island | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 28 | 166,361 | 252,706 | 1.52 | 1.66 | 0 |
| 29 | Honey Lake | Northeastern | 28 | 37,885 | 47,248 | 1.25 | 1.36 | 0 |
| 30 | Salton Sea | Southern | 26 | 17,683 | 20,416 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 0 |
| 31 | Goodyear Slough | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 28 | 12,728 | 12,279 | 0.96 | 1.16 | 0 |
| 32 | Island Slough | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 28 | 14,415 | 12,546 | 0.87 | 1.12 | 0 |
A long average can mask a decline, so we also ranked each of the last ten seasons (2014-15 through 2023-24) separately. Kern finished in the top five in all 10 and took first in 8, averaging 3.16 ducks per trip over that stretch. Gadwall reached the top five in 9 and averaged 2.97. Delevan reached the top five in 9 as well at 2.68, with far heavier traffic. It had about 177,000 trips over the 28 seasons.
Little Dry Creek averaged 2.45 ducks per trip over the last ten seasons compared with its 28-season average of 2.69. It reached the top five in only 4 of those last ten. Gray Lodge sits 22nd of 32 at 1.76 and did not reach the top five in the last ten.
IIIYear by Year
Delevan and Little Dry Creek Topped the All-Area Rate Every Season
A hunter planning ahead needs to know how often an area tops that season's all-area ducks per trip, something one long average cannot show. We counted how many seasons each area did that. Kern beat it in all 28, as did Delevan and Little Dry Creek. Gadwall beat it in 26 and Mendota in 23. Just 7 of the 32 ranked areas topped the all-area rate in 20 or more seasons.
Kern also finished in the top five in 27 of the 28 seasons and took first in 12. Its worst finish was 11th in 2012-13. Gray Lodge topped the all-area rate in only 3 of the 28 seasons. Sacramento sits third in trips and beat it in 11.
Swipe table to see every column
| Area | Ducks per trip | Seasons with hunters | Seasons above the all-area rate | Seasons in top 5 | Seasons rated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kern | 2.98 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 28 |
| Gadwall | 2.85 | 28 | 26 | 18 | 23 |
| Little Dry Creek | 2.69 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 28 |
| Delevan | 2.59 | 28 | 28 | 23 | 28 |
| Freitas North | 2.4 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 20 |
| Colusa | 2.31 | 28 | 26 | 6 | 28 |
| Merced | 2.26 | 28 | 23 | 6 | 27 |
| Volta | 2.23 | 28 | 18 | 5 | 28 |
| Sutter | 2.16 | 28 | 17 | 6 | 28 |
| Mendota | 2.15 | 28 | 23 | 3 | 28 |
| Sacramento | 1.99 | 28 | 11 | 0 | 28 |
| Gray Lodge | 1.76 | 28 | 3 | 0 | 28 |
The all-area rate varied sharply too. It stood at 1.76 ducks per trip in 1996-97 and reached its high of 2.44 in 2022-23. At 1.54 the 2023-24 rate matched 2002-03 for the lowest of the 28 seasons. Kern still took first that season at 2.80, while Gray Lodge dropped to 1.19.
- Kern
- Gray Lodge
- All areas
Swipe table to see every column
| Season | Hunter trips | Ducks | Ducks per trip, all areas | Kern ducks per trip | Gray Lodge ducks per trip | Kern rank | Printed total check |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996-97 | 93,371 | 164,275 | 1.76 | 2.7 | 1.71 | 2 of 24 | no printed total |
| 1997-98 | 103,575 | 204,637 | 1.98 | 2.99 | 1.82 | 2 of 25 | no printed total |
| 1998-99 | 101,204 | 206,847 | 2.04 | 3.74 | 2.04 | 1 of 27 | no printed total |
| 1999-00 | 106,763 | 199,908 | 1.87 | 2.81 | 1.91 | 2 of 30 | differs |
| 2000-01 | 103,525 | 164,537 | 1.59 | 2.26 | 1.28 | 4 of 32 | match |
| 2001-02 | 96,938 | 157,326 | 1.62 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 4 of 30 | match |
| 2002-03 | 83,804 | 129,396 | 1.54 | 2.41 | 1.19 | 2 of 29 | match |
| 2003-04 | 91,725 | 156,993 | 1.71 | 2.74 | 1.52 | 2 of 31 | match |
| 2004-05 | 94,018 | 186,373 | 1.98 | 3.03 | 1.54 | 2 of 30 | differs |
| 2005-06 | 90,676 | 192,508 | 2.12 | 3.06 | 1.81 | 2 of 29 | match |
| 2006-07 | 98,802 | 218,014 | 2.21 | 3.14 | 2.22 | 1 of 30 | match |
| 2007-08 | 99,134 | 219,310 | 2.21 | 3.02 | 1.74 | 2 of 28 | match |
| 2008-09 | 98,967 | 198,785 | 2.01 | 2.73 | 1.69 | 3 of 27 | match |
| 2009-10 | 97,945 | 187,986 | 1.92 | 2.76 | 1.49 | 1 of 28 | match |
| 2010-11 | 99,740 | 221,321 | 2.22 | 3.29 | 1.56 | 2 of 29 | match |
| 2011-12 | 95,878 | 226,673 | 2.36 | 3.64 | 1.89 | 1 of 27 | differs |
| 2012-13 | 94,222 | 184,592 | 1.96 | 2.15 | 1.69 | 11 of 28 | differs |
| 2013-14 | 87,078 | 186,421 | 2.14 | 3.51 | 2.04 | 2 of 24 | match |
| 2014-15 | 93,223 | 222,356 | 2.39 | 3.63 | 2 | 1 of 26 | match |
| 2015-16 | 102,528 | 242,495 | 2.37 | 4.26 | 2.2 | 1 of 28 | match |
| 2016-17 | 86,396 | 160,998 | 1.86 | 3.25 | 1.64 | 1 of 27 | match |
| 2017-18 | 94,372 | 182,672 | 1.94 | 3.08 | 1.63 | 1 of 28 | match |
| 2018-19 | 88,366 | 161,813 | 1.83 | 2.92 | 1.47 | 1 of 27 | match |
| 2019-20 | 89,833 | 184,470 | 2.05 | 3.2 | 2.02 | 1 of 28 | match |
| 2020-21 | 107,064 | 214,056 | 2 | 2.72 | 2.11 | 2 of 28 | match |
| 2021-22 | 90,753 | 196,530 | 2.17 | 3.96 | 1.89 | 1 of 25 | match |
| 2022-23 | 80,754 | 197,419 | 2.44 | 3.6 | 1.96 | 2 of 23 | no printed total |
| 2023-24 | 87,184 | 134,526 | 1.54 | 2.8 | 1.19 | 1 of 26 | no printed total |
IVComparing the Valleys
The San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys Finished Even
Kern and Gadwall at the top make the list look like a San Joaquin story. The tables do not support that view. Pooling every area in each valley puts the San Joaquin Valley at 2.11 ducks per trip and the Sacramento Valley at 2.10. Six of the top 10 areas are in the San Joaquin and four are in the Sacramento.
Swipe table to see every column
| Region | Areas | Hunter trips | Ducks | Ducks per trip |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Joaquin Valley | 13 | 877,971 | 1,852,035 | 2.11 |
| Sacramento Valley | 9 | 1,186,943 | 2,493,892 | 2.1 |
| Southern | 5 | 294,754 | 516,029 | 1.75 |
| Northeastern | 5 | 90,659 | 144,755 | 1.6 |
| Suisun Marsh and Delta | 7 | 205,210 | 295,767 | 1.44 |
The gap within each valley is wider than the gap between the valleys. Mendota in the San Joaquin produced more ducks than any other area. Its 608,341 ducks on 282,347 trips come to 2.15 ducks per trip and 10th place. Los Banos averaged 1.67 in that same valley. The ranked Sacramento Valley areas range from Little Dry Creek at 2.69 down to Llano Seco at 1.66. Gray Lodge is near the bottom at 1.76. As a group the Suisun Marsh and Delta areas trailed at 1.44. Island Slough and Goodyear Slough rank last at 0.87 and 0.96.
VChecking the Tables
An Area's Rate Shows Its Results but Promises No Bag
Ducks per trip averages every trip an area logged and tells nothing certain about one party's day. Areas vary in size, water, hunt days, reservation systems and the number of hunters they admit.
CDFW printed 114 labels in 25 reports, including total rows. We matched the area labels to 40 areas. Older tables include pheasant and snipe hunters among hunter visits, so we counted only waterfowl hunters. Most seasons show up in two consecutive reports, and 92 of 824 repeated area-seasons differ between printings. We took the newer printing. Our summed area counts come within half a percent of CDFW's printed season totals in 19 of the 23 seasons with a printed total. Our sums differ in 1999-00, 2004-05, 2011-12 and 2012-13. CDFW's printed duck total for 2012-13 repeats the figure it printed for 2010-11. We put the 8 areas with fewer than 20 seasons or fewer than 10,000 trips in a separate table. The region groups are our own. The series ends at 2023-24 because newer daily files do not yet reconcile.
Swipe table to see every column
| Area | Region | Seasons | Hunter trips | Ducks | Ducks per trip |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joice Island | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 28 | 5,131 | 13,405 | 2.61 |
| Finney-Ramer | Southern | 17 | 4,219 | 4,465 | 1.06 |
| Willow Creek | Northeastern | 28 | 3,955 | 7,835 | 1.98 |
| West Family Junior Unit | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 25 | 3,392 | 2,788 | 0.82 |
| Delta Islands, Twitchell | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 22 | 3,080 | 2,016 | 0.65 |
| Gold Hills | not grouped | 22 | 2,301 | 759 | 0.33 |
| Lake Perris | Southern | 9 | 2,129 | 2,594 | 1.22 |
| Delta Islands, Sherman | Suisun Marsh and Delta | 4 | 103 | 27 | 0.26 |
VIChoosing Reservation Days
List Kern, Gadwall and Delevan Ahead of Gray Lodge
Our read is that a California hunter with a few reservation days should choose by area and set the valley aside. Kern and the Gadwall area belong on the card first, followed by Delevan with top-five finishes in 9 of the last 10 seasons on heavy traffic. Gray Lodge had the most trips at about 295,000 but sits 22nd of 32 at 1.76 ducks per trip and beat the all-area rate in only 3 of 28 seasons, so it follows those three on the card. Check the newest CDFW season table before booking, because our series stops with 2023-24.
NOTES AND SOURCES
- Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, public waterfowl area hunt results, season comparison tables (2022-23 vs 2023-24 shown. one table per pair of seasons).
- Also: California Department of Fish and Game, 1996-97 vs 1997-98 waterfowl hunt results comparison (archived copy).
- Scope: 40 California public waterfowl hunting areas (state wildlife areas and national wildlife refuges with CDFW-reported hunts), seasons 1996-97 through 2023-24, one row per area per season, from 25 season comparison tables.
- Method: Ducks per hunter trip = ducks reported divided by adult plus junior waterfowl hunters reported for the area and season (DERIVED). That is the denominator CDFW uses for its printed average. Hunter visits, which in older tables also count pheasant and snipe hunters, are not used. Pooled rates divide summed ducks by summed trips. Season ranks use areas with 500 or more trips that season. Area sums are reconciled with the printed season totals where CDFW printed one.
- Limits: A hunter trip is one hunter checked in for one day. Ducks per trip is a group average across all trips, not any one hunter's odds.
- Limits: Areas differ in size, water, hunt days, reservation systems and how many hunters they admit. A higher rate does not mean any one hunter will shoot more ducks there.
- Limits: CDFW reprinted many seasons in the following year's table, and 92 of 824 repeated area-seasons differ between the two reports. We use the newer report.
- Limits: Our area sums match CDFW's printed season totals within half a percent in 19 of the 23 seasons where a total was printed. They differ in 1999-00, 2004-05, 2011-12 and 2012-13. CDFW's printed 2012-13 duck total repeats its 2010-11 figure.
- Limits: Region groups are ours, from each area's location. CDFW does not publish them in these tables.
- Limits: The series stops at 2023-24. Newer seasons exist only as daily files that do not yet reconcile with the season tables.
Fully Drawn Research is an independent data analysis desk, not affiliated with any state wildlife agency, transportation agency, mapping provider or outfitter. Fully Drawn Research is an independent data and analysis desk. This paper reports FDR's own analysis of public agency and survey data. Harvest, catch and survey figures describe what hunters and anglers reported or what agencies counted or estimated, not how many animals or fish are present, and they reflect regulations and hunter or angler choices as well as wildlife numbers.
Keep reading
FDR Scout puts county harvest history like this on the map of the ground you hunt. Open Scout →See the plans →