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Kern Topped 32 Ranked California Areas in Ducks per Trip, 69% Above Gray Lodge

CDFW hunt results from 1996-97 through 2023-24 show 2.98 ducks per hunter trip at Kern and 1.76 at Gray Lodge. Kern led Gray Lodge in all 28 seasons. Gray Lodge topped the all-area rate in only 3.

2.98ducks per hunter trip at Kern

Anyone who has waited in a California sweat line has wondered which area pays off best. Kern National Wildlife Refuge topped the 32 ranked California duck areas over 28 seasons with 69% more ducks per trip than Gray Lodge. Pooling the 28 seasons in the California Department of Fish and Wildlife season-by-season comparison tables for 1996-97 through 2023-24 puts Kern at 2.98 ducks per hunter trip and Gray Lodge at 1.76. Kern beat Gray Lodge in every one of those 28 seasons.

IReservation Choices

Kern Topped 32 Ranked Areas and Led Gray Lodge Every Season

We count one adult or junior waterfowl hunter checked in for one day as a trip and CDFW divides by that count for its printed average. To get ducks per trip, divide total ducks by total trips. The series starts with the 1996-97 season comparison on the former Fish and Game site.

Gray Lodge drew the crowd. It recorded about 295,000 trips over the 28 seasons, more than any other area in these tables. Kern had about 70,000, or 24% as many. The area hunted most and the area with the best ducks per trip have been different places.

Figure 1 · Ducks per hunter trip, 28 seasons combined, top 10 areas plus Sacramento and Gray LodgeKern led at 2.98 ducks per trip and Gray Lodge sat at 1.76
  1. 01Kern2.98
  2. 02Gadwall2.85
  3. 03Little Dry Creek2.69
  4. 04Delevan2.59
  5. 05Freitas North2.4
  6. 06Colusa2.31
  7. 07Merced2.26
  8. 08Volta2.23
  9. 09Sutter2.16
  10. 10Mendota2.15
  11. 11Sacramento1.99
  12. 12Gray Lodge1.76
Ducks are divided by waterfowl hunter trips in the CDFW season comparison tables for 1996-97 through 2023-24 (DERIVED). Sacramento and Gray Lodge are two of the three busiest areas by hunter trips over the 28 seasons.

IIA Short List

Kern Finished Top Five in All of the Last 10 Seasons

Our ranking covered the 32 areas with at least 20 seasons and 10,000 trips. Kern took first at 2.98 ducks per trip and the Gadwall area followed at 2.85. Little Dry Creek took third at 2.69, followed by Delevan at 2.59 and Freitas North at 2.40.

Swipe table to see every column

RankAreaRegionSeasonsHunter tripsDucksDucks per tripDucks per trip 2014-15 to 2023-24Seasons in top 5, last 10
1KernSan Joaquin Valley2869,866207,9262.983.1610
2GadwallSan Joaquin Valley2825,64273,0272.852.979
3Little Dry CreekSacramento Valley28100,530270,3682.692.454
4DelevanSacramento Valley28176,794458,7372.592.689
5Freitas NorthSan Joaquin Valley2415,18036,5042.42.334
6ColusaSacramento Valley2899,330229,2392.312.444
7MercedSan Joaquin Valley2822,32150,5562.262.262
8VoltaSan Joaquin Valley2868,556153,2042.232.393
9SutterSacramento Valley2869,311150,0432.161.90
10MendotaSan Joaquin Valley28282,347608,3412.152.231
11West Bear CreekSan Joaquin Valley2619,64741,9422.132.140
12Freitas SouthSan Joaquin Valley2511,78624,7272.11.830
13San LuisSan Joaquin Valley2899,145204,3732.061.940
14YoloSacramento Valley27134,548270,4502.012.11
15SacramentoSacramento Valley28207,470412,2481.991.990
16Shasta ValleyNortheastern2720,63740,7561.972.141
17Howard SloughSacramento Valley2863,268117,6881.861.880
18Ash CreekNortheastern2816,40929,8251.822.262
19WisterSouthern28180,473329,0601.821.980
20Salt SloughSan Joaquin Valley2849,82389,0831.791.950
21San JacintoSouthern2890,250159,4941.771.740
22Gray LodgeSacramento Valley28294,597517,0901.761.840
23KestersonSan Joaquin Valley2866,109115,9861.751.750
24China IslandSan Joaquin Valley2820,18433,9701.681.620
25Los BanosSan Joaquin Valley28127,365212,3961.671.750
26Llano SecoSacramento Valley2841,09568,0291.661.670
27Butte ValleyNortheastern2811,77319,0911.621.860
28Grizzly IslandSuisun Marsh and Delta28166,361252,7061.521.660
29Honey LakeNortheastern2837,88547,2481.251.360
30Salton SeaSouthern2617,68320,4161.151.060
31Goodyear SloughSuisun Marsh and Delta2812,72812,2790.961.160
32Island SloughSuisun Marsh and Delta2814,41512,5460.871.120
California public waterfowl areas are ranked by ducks per hunter trip with the 1996-97 through 2023-24 seasons combined. A hunter trip is one adult or junior waterfowl hunter checked in for one day, as printed in the CDFW season comparison tables. The recent column covers 2014-15 through 2023-24. Top 5 counts the seasons from 2014-15 through 2023-24 in which the area ranked in the top five by ducks per hunter trip among areas with 500 or more trips that season. Region groups are ours. Areas with fewer than 20 seasons or fewer than 10,000 trips are in a separate table. The rates are our arithmetic on CDFW figures (DERIVED).

A long average can mask a decline, so we also ranked each of the last ten seasons (2014-15 through 2023-24) separately. Kern finished in the top five in all 10 and took first in 8, averaging 3.16 ducks per trip over that stretch. Gadwall reached the top five in 9 and averaged 2.97. Delevan reached the top five in 9 as well at 2.68, with far heavier traffic. It had about 177,000 trips over the 28 seasons.

Little Dry Creek averaged 2.45 ducks per trip over the last ten seasons compared with its 28-season average of 2.69. It reached the top five in only 4 of those last ten. Gray Lodge sits 22nd of 32 at 1.76 and did not reach the top five in the last ten.

IIIYear by Year

Delevan and Little Dry Creek Topped the All-Area Rate Every Season

A hunter planning ahead needs to know how often an area tops that season's all-area ducks per trip, something one long average cannot show. We counted how many seasons each area did that. Kern beat it in all 28, as did Delevan and Little Dry Creek. Gadwall beat it in 26 and Mendota in 23. Just 7 of the 32 ranked areas topped the all-area rate in 20 or more seasons.

Kern also finished in the top five in 27 of the 28 seasons and took first in 12. Its worst finish was 11th in 2012-13. Gray Lodge topped the all-area rate in only 3 of the 28 seasons. Sacramento sits third in trips and beat it in 11.

Swipe table to see every column

AreaDucks per tripSeasons with huntersSeasons above the all-area rateSeasons in top 5Seasons rated
Kern2.9828282728
Gadwall2.8528261823
Little Dry Creek2.6928282028
Delevan2.5928282328
Freitas North2.424181120
Colusa2.312826628
Merced2.262823627
Volta2.232818528
Sutter2.162817628
Mendota2.152823328
Sacramento1.992811028
Gray Lodge1.76283028
This table counts, for the ten best-ranked areas plus Gray Lodge and Sacramento, the seasons from 1996-97 through 2023-24 in which each area beat that season's all-area ducks per hunter trip, and the seasons it ranked in the top five among areas with 500 or more trips that season. Seasons rated counts the seasons in which the area itself had 500 or more trips. Beating the all-area rate is judged on unrounded rates, so Gray Lodge's rounded tie at 2.04 in 1998-99 does not count. The rates and counts are our arithmetic on CDFW figures (DERIVED).

The all-area rate varied sharply too. It stood at 1.76 ducks per trip in 1996-97 and reached its high of 2.44 in 2022-23. At 1.54 the 2023-24 rate matched 2002-03 for the lowest of the 28 seasons. Kern still took first that season at 2.80, while Gray Lodge dropped to 1.19.

Figure 2 · Ducks per hunter trip by season, 1996-97 to 2023-24Kern beat Gray Lodge in 28 of 28 seasons
  • Kern
  • Gray Lodge
  • All areas
123451996200520142023
The rates come from the CDFW season comparison tables. Ducks are divided by adult plus junior waterfowl hunter trips, our arithmetic (DERIVED). The year marks the start of the season, so 1996 is 1996-97.

Swipe table to see every column

SeasonHunter tripsDucksDucks per trip, all areasKern ducks per tripGray Lodge ducks per tripKern rankPrinted total check
1996-9793,371164,2751.762.71.712 of 24no printed total
1997-98103,575204,6371.982.991.822 of 25no printed total
1998-99101,204206,8472.043.742.041 of 27no printed total
1999-00106,763199,9081.872.811.912 of 30differs
2000-01103,525164,5371.592.261.284 of 32match
2001-0296,938157,3261.622.351.594 of 30match
2002-0383,804129,3961.542.411.192 of 29match
2003-0491,725156,9931.712.741.522 of 31match
2004-0594,018186,3731.983.031.542 of 30differs
2005-0690,676192,5082.123.061.812 of 29match
2006-0798,802218,0142.213.142.221 of 30match
2007-0899,134219,3102.213.021.742 of 28match
2008-0998,967198,7852.012.731.693 of 27match
2009-1097,945187,9861.922.761.491 of 28match
2010-1199,740221,3212.223.291.562 of 29match
2011-1295,878226,6732.363.641.891 of 27differs
2012-1394,222184,5921.962.151.6911 of 28differs
2013-1487,078186,4212.143.512.042 of 24match
2014-1593,223222,3562.393.6321 of 26match
2015-16102,528242,4952.374.262.21 of 28match
2016-1786,396160,9981.863.251.641 of 27match
2017-1894,372182,6721.943.081.631 of 28match
2018-1988,366161,8131.832.921.471 of 27match
2019-2089,833184,4702.053.22.021 of 28match
2020-21107,064214,05622.722.112 of 28match
2021-2290,753196,5302.173.961.891 of 25match
2022-2380,754197,4192.443.61.962 of 23no printed total
2023-2487,184134,5261.542.81.191 of 26no printed total
This table combines all reported areas by season and shows Kern and Gray Lodge beside them. Hunter trips and ducks are our sums of the area rows. The last column compares our duck sum with the season total CDFW printed, and match means within half a percent. The rates are our arithmetic on CDFW figures (DERIVED).

IVComparing the Valleys

The San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys Finished Even

Kern and Gadwall at the top make the list look like a San Joaquin story. The tables do not support that view. Pooling every area in each valley puts the San Joaquin Valley at 2.11 ducks per trip and the Sacramento Valley at 2.10. Six of the top 10 areas are in the San Joaquin and four are in the Sacramento.

Swipe table to see every column

RegionAreasHunter tripsDucksDucks per trip
San Joaquin Valley13877,9711,852,0352.11
Sacramento Valley91,186,9432,493,8922.1
Southern5294,754516,0291.75
Northeastern590,659144,7551.6
Suisun Marsh and Delta7205,210295,7671.44
This table pools all areas in each region and gives ducks per hunter trip for 1996-97 through 2023-24. The region groups are ours, from each area's location. Gold Hills is not grouped. The rates are our arithmetic on CDFW figures (DERIVED).

The gap within each valley is wider than the gap between the valleys. Mendota in the San Joaquin produced more ducks than any other area. Its 608,341 ducks on 282,347 trips come to 2.15 ducks per trip and 10th place. Los Banos averaged 1.67 in that same valley. The ranked Sacramento Valley areas range from Little Dry Creek at 2.69 down to Llano Seco at 1.66. Gray Lodge is near the bottom at 1.76. As a group the Suisun Marsh and Delta areas trailed at 1.44. Island Slough and Goodyear Slough rank last at 0.87 and 0.96.

VChecking the Tables

An Area's Rate Shows Its Results but Promises No Bag

Ducks per trip averages every trip an area logged and tells nothing certain about one party's day. Areas vary in size, water, hunt days, reservation systems and the number of hunters they admit.

CDFW printed 114 labels in 25 reports, including total rows. We matched the area labels to 40 areas. Older tables include pheasant and snipe hunters among hunter visits, so we counted only waterfowl hunters. Most seasons show up in two consecutive reports, and 92 of 824 repeated area-seasons differ between printings. We took the newer printing. Our summed area counts come within half a percent of CDFW's printed season totals in 19 of the 23 seasons with a printed total. Our sums differ in 1999-00, 2004-05, 2011-12 and 2012-13. CDFW's printed duck total for 2012-13 repeats the figure it printed for 2010-11. We put the 8 areas with fewer than 20 seasons or fewer than 10,000 trips in a separate table. The region groups are our own. The series ends at 2023-24 because newer daily files do not yet reconcile.

Swipe table to see every column

AreaRegionSeasonsHunter tripsDucksDucks per trip
Joice IslandSuisun Marsh and Delta285,13113,4052.61
Finney-RamerSouthern174,2194,4651.06
Willow CreekNortheastern283,9557,8351.98
West Family Junior UnitSuisun Marsh and Delta253,3922,7880.82
Delta Islands, TwitchellSuisun Marsh and Delta223,0802,0160.65
Gold Hillsnot grouped222,3017590.33
Lake PerrisSouthern92,1292,5941.22
Delta Islands, ShermanSuisun Marsh and Delta4103270.26
These areas are left out of the ranking because they have fewer than 20 seasons or fewer than 10,000 hunter trips in the CDFW tables, 1996-97 through 2023-24. West Family is a junior-only unit. The rates are our arithmetic on CDFW figures (DERIVED).

VIChoosing Reservation Days

List Kern, Gadwall and Delevan Ahead of Gray Lodge

Our read is that a California hunter with a few reservation days should choose by area and set the valley aside. Kern and the Gadwall area belong on the card first, followed by Delevan with top-five finishes in 9 of the last 10 seasons on heavy traffic. Gray Lodge had the most trips at about 295,000 but sits 22nd of 32 at 1.76 ducks per trip and beat the all-area rate in only 3 of 28 seasons, so it follows those three on the card. Check the newest CDFW season table before booking, because our series stops with 2023-24.

NOTES AND SOURCES

  1. Source: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, public waterfowl area hunt results, season comparison tables (2022-23 vs 2023-24 shown. one table per pair of seasons).
  2. Also: California Department of Fish and Game, 1996-97 vs 1997-98 waterfowl hunt results comparison (archived copy).
  3. Scope: 40 California public waterfowl hunting areas (state wildlife areas and national wildlife refuges with CDFW-reported hunts), seasons 1996-97 through 2023-24, one row per area per season, from 25 season comparison tables.
  4. Method: Ducks per hunter trip = ducks reported divided by adult plus junior waterfowl hunters reported for the area and season (DERIVED). That is the denominator CDFW uses for its printed average. Hunter visits, which in older tables also count pheasant and snipe hunters, are not used. Pooled rates divide summed ducks by summed trips. Season ranks use areas with 500 or more trips that season. Area sums are reconciled with the printed season totals where CDFW printed one.
  5. Limits: A hunter trip is one hunter checked in for one day. Ducks per trip is a group average across all trips, not any one hunter's odds.
  6. Limits: Areas differ in size, water, hunt days, reservation systems and how many hunters they admit. A higher rate does not mean any one hunter will shoot more ducks there.
  7. Limits: CDFW reprinted many seasons in the following year's table, and 92 of 824 repeated area-seasons differ between the two reports. We use the newer report.
  8. Limits: Our area sums match CDFW's printed season totals within half a percent in 19 of the 23 seasons where a total was printed. They differ in 1999-00, 2004-05, 2011-12 and 2012-13. CDFW's printed 2012-13 duck total repeats its 2010-11 figure.
  9. Limits: Region groups are ours, from each area's location. CDFW does not publish them in these tables.
  10. Limits: The series stops at 2023-24. Newer seasons exist only as daily files that do not yet reconcile with the season tables.

Fully Drawn Research is an independent data analysis desk, not affiliated with any state wildlife agency, transportation agency, mapping provider or outfitter. Fully Drawn Research is an independent data and analysis desk. This paper reports FDR's own analysis of public agency and survey data. Harvest, catch and survey figures describe what hunters and anglers reported or what agencies counted or estimated, not how many animals or fish are present, and they reflect regulations and hunter or angler choices as well as wildlife numbers.

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Fully Drawn Research. "Kern Topped 32 Ranked California Areas in Ducks per Trip, 69% Above Gray Lodge." FDR Working Paper 225, Nov 8, 2026. https://www.fullydrawnresearch.ai/research/papers/california-public-duck-areas-ranked. Accessed Nov 12, 2026.

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